The Effect of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Mental Health of Healthcare Providers (HCPs) for Patients with Confirmed or Suspected Cases of COVID-19

The healthcare providers who actively participated in the COVID-19 pandemic were more likely to experience mental health problems. This cross-sectional study sought to understand the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare providers' mental health. It evaluated a sample of 220 out of 2000 who participated in the Saudi Arabia Eastern Province pandemic. Tylor scale was used to analyze the anxiety levels, where the independent variables included age, gender, job type, job nature, and faith degree (religious commitment). The results indicated a significant relationship between the independent variables analyzed. The Tylor scale showed that (34.55%) of the participants had middle anxiety levels, and (11.81%) of the participants had high anxiety levels. The study also found that other sample characteristics do not correlate with TMAS levels. This study provides information that may help mitigate the effects of COVID-19 in the healthcare system. Practical solutions, including education and policy reformulations, may be incorporated into addressing healthcare providers' mental health needs and challenges. © 2022 DSR Publishers/ The University of Jordan.

Needs to address clinicians' moral distress in treating unvaccinated COVID-19 patients.

BACKGROUND: Moral dilemmas have arisen concerning whether physicians and other providers should treat patients who have declined COVID vaccination and are now sick with this disease. Several ethicists have argued that clinicians have obligations to treat such patients, yet providing care to these patients has distressed clinicians, who have at times declined to do so. Critical questions thus emerge regarding how best to proceed. MAIN BODY: Providers face moral tensions: whether to place the benefits to an unvaccinated patient over their duties to protect themselves and their families, staff and other patients, and goals of working collaboratively with patients. Clinicians' duties to treat such patients arguably outweigh claims otherwise, but these obligations are creating moral conflict and distress for providers. Moral distress has been associated with burnout, post-traumatic stress disorder, and interpersonal and work difficulties. Given ongoing vaccine refusals, these problems are unlikely to disappear in the foreseeable future. Society has obligations to address this moral distress due to principles of reciprocity, and implicit social contracts, as part of which physicians risk their lives in caring for patients for the good of society as a whole. Responses are thus urgently needed at several levels: by hospitals, medical schools, professional societies, governments, media, providers and patients. Medical training on professionalism should address these stresses, probing why doctors have duties to treat these patients, but also how moral conflicts can ensue, and how best to address these tensions. Governments and institutions should thus alter relevant policies and devote more resources to addressing clinicians' psychological strains. Institutions should also improve organizational culture. Public health organizations and the media described clinicians, earlier in the pandemic, as heroes, committed to treating COVID patients. This narrative should now be changed to highlight the strains that unvaccinated patients cause-endangering hospital staff and others. CONCLUSIONS: Unvaccinated COVID patients should receive care, but multi-level strategies, involving enhanced policies, education and practice are vital to alleviate ensuing moral distress, and thus aid these clinicians and their patients. Ethical arguments that providers must treat these patients have not considered these obligations' effects on clinicians, but should do so.